Measure how widely a dataset is spread around its mean.
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Population variance divides by N; sample variance divides by N − 1.
The calculator finds each value’s squared distance from the mean. Population variance divides their sum by N, while sample variance divides by N minus 1.
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Choose population when the values are the complete group of interest. Choose sample when they represent part of a larger population.
Its variance divides by N minus 1, so at least two observations are required.